Many people were surprised by the recent NASA announcement that evidence was found for summertime water flows on Mars. Well, this is something that could change completely our perception regarding other planets. “Mars is not the dry, arid
planet that we thought of in the past,” said Nasa’s Jim Green.
I believe that marine litter science is a similar case - the findings that are already here and much more the ones that will come will change our perception for the plastics and they will create innovation waves that will reshape recycling and waste management. Well, maybe not so drastically as billionaire Elon Musk has
spelled out that he wants to change Mars (he plans to create temporary suns over Mars in order to heat
the Red Planet) but probably with a more concrete way.
Marine litter will be a
key-issue for waste management for the next 2-3 decades. The facts are
shocking. According the recent study "Threat of plastic pollution toseabirds is global, pervasive, and increasing", 80 of 135 (59%) species with studies
reported in the literature between 1962 and 2012 had ingested plastic, and,
within those studies, on average 29% of individuals had plastic in their gut. Currently,
the annual losses of sea birds, turtles and fishes related to the plastic
pollution are estimated to be more than 1.5 million deaths per year and according to Laurence Maurice from the French Institute of Research for Development, the problem is likely to worsen.
Just imagine that we are
speaking for concentrations that reach 580,000 pieces per km2 and the plastic production
is increasing exponentially. So it is not a surprise at all, when it is
forecasted that the increasing plastics ingestion in seabirds will reach 99% of
all species by 2050!
Together with climate change,
marine litter and ocean garbage gyres prove that no matter if we understand it
or no, local waste management practices create global impacts and that there is
a need for global coordination in order to manage such global impacts.
Marine litter is also a
certain signal for the limits of our societies, the technological, social and
ecological ones. Marine litter is straight forward associated with ecosystem’s
damages by plastic pollution and demonstrates the tangible and measurable
impacts of our collective inertia to face the global waste management
challenge.
I have gone through two recent
research papers that demonstrate the long-term impacts related to plastic
pollution and marine litter.
The first one (Global warming releasesmicroplastic legacy frozen in Arctic Sea ice) indicates that
microplastics have accumulated far from population centers and that polar sea
ice represents a major historic global sink of man-made particulates. The study
suggests “the potential for substantial quantities of legacy microplastic
contamination to be released to the ocean as the ice melts therefore needs to
be evaluated, as do the physical and toxicological effects of plastics on
marine life”.
In the second one (An anthropogenic markerhorizon in the future rock record), researchers from Hawai have reported “…the
appearance of a new “stone” formed through inter- mingling of melted plastic,
beach sediment, basaltic lava fragments, and organic debris from Kamilo Beach
on the island of Hawaii. The material, herein referred to as “plastiglomerate,”
is divided into in situ and clastic types that were distributed over all areas
of the beach. Agglutination of natural sediments to melted plastic during
campfire burning has increased the overall density of plastiglomerate, which
inhibits transport by wind or water, thereby increasing the potential for
burial and subsequent preservation. Our results indicate that this
anthropogenically-influenced material has great potential to form a marker
horizon of human pollution, signaling the occurrence of the informal
Anthropocene epoch.”
Well, obviously the case of
marine litter represents a huge global and local challenge for the
international stakeholders, the governments and the industry. The solutions
required have just started to be discussed publicly and some pilots have
started to be tested. For sure, the solutions required will need changes in the
whole life cycle of plastic products and not just in the way they are managed
when they are considered as “waste”.
But let’s focus on the other
side of the moon. The case of marine litter highlights some new opportunities,
as much as it reveals global long-term threats. I am not hoping for a megatsunami, like the one that 73,000 years ago was created by a large flank from the volcanic island Fogo in the Cape
Verde islands, off the coast of Africa, that fell into the ocean and triggered a
tsunami that moved mountains.
Let’s start with the obvious.
Marine litter impacts (much more than climate change) are relatively easily
understood and visualized, so I bet that there will be many communication
campaigns, especially the ones related to plastic recycling, that will use the
case of marine litter as a powerful communication “bridge” too, for broad
audiences. So, yes, what I mean is that
marine litter opens the opportunity to influence much broader audiences and
create global awareness about the waste management and the recycling challenge.
The huge impacts of plastic
pollution, which have just started to be understood through the case of marine
litter, create the dynamics to discuss about the necessity to reduce plastics
from the waste streams and to identify appropriate final treatment techniques
when they can’t be recycled, for one or another reason. Even better, we have to use the case of
marine litter to promote the discussion for a plastic waste – free society,
where many products should be redesigned in order to reduce or eliminate
plastics and substitute them with more ecologically friendly materials.
Obviously, the big challenge is to create an appropriate systemic integration between supply chains - consumption and post consumption management of plastics and the emerging Internet of Everything with the possibility to develop digital passports is certainly a hope.
I do hope that we will also
have a lot of technical innovation related to the management of post-consumer
plastics – some new patents have already attracted my attention like production
of ethanol from single stream plastic recycling or preparation of high
calorific value fuel from end of life plastics. But this is just the beginning,
because the global magnitude of the problem has attracted the attention of the
big donors that are pulling gradually a lot of money to the relevant research.
Many local social innovation programs have also started and if they become
mainstream, sooner or later the problem will become much more manageable than
it is today.
Thus, I am waiting a lot of
innovation in several sectors, like:
Plastic recycling
End of pipe solutions
Material innovation and
substitutes
Manufacturing innovation
Design Innovation
Will this wave of innovation
be enough to resolve the problem of marine litter? No one knows, but it is
worthy to try…
8 comments:
...interstellar travel (without the Evil Empire)...climate change, "global warming is melting the poles, freshwater, and therefore...could stop deep sea currents...will increase evaporation (ebullioscopy: the less salt has, more evaporates) producing gigantic storm clouds that...phytoplankton shortage may decreasing its vital contribution with oxygen to the Atmosphere"... Warming...invasion of tropical diseases carried by their transmitter agents, already without the "general Winter" containing them, would faLL upon the World like a plague (dengue, malaria...)...can produce a cooling, a new ice age, like living at the North Pole...and less oxygen in the Atmosphere...is not known what will be worse. Go choosing. (And while, the Evil Empire: religion, armies, monarchies and politicians...looking elsewhere and instead of to prepare the STARS PEACE, that do not interesting them...they are already preparing the "Star Wars", of course, war in which as always they will remain in their golden palaces eating partridges and will command the innocent People...( "National Anthem", "Flag", "Honor", "Medals", "Veterans", "Patriots", "Heroes", "just to God praying and with the mallet striking"... The young went cheerfully drinking and singing in the rain patriotic songs, as if they were going to a party...carried them into cattle trains), again, to the deadly and muddy trenches gangrene in feet with their topboots on, during days and nights in the mud, to massacre them from enemy´s machine gun nests...with the story of "patriotism"...who survived to the inhuman artillery bombed were affected by violent tremors. All armies spied the letters of soldiers, if "people in the know" did not want climb the coarse wood stairs, because suddenly they did leave to be innocents and did know the truth: THE CAUSERS OF WARS ARE THE "LEADERS" TO DEFEND THEIR PARTICULARS RESERVED GREAT BUSINESS: NATIONS, WARS AND FRONTIERS, the "leaders" of all the World they are all friends and at same time enemies, People is the unique common enemy that they have..."attention!", "a soldier do not think, a soldier obey!"...did shoot down to were called "cowards", "deserters", "that did not want fight for their country"...right over there at trenches. It is "our" economy...). AROUND THE WORLD EVERYBODY must to say...to the next war that going at trenches: pontifices, monarchs and politicians...and fight between them, then rapidly already NO MORE WARS OF AGGRESSION, and so do not will have neither justified wars of defense.
...interstellar travel constant acceleration (Chiquitita the stars are shining for you over there in the high)... Today there is not any song, crying bitter tears for the Chiquitita from Mexico who never more will return to sing, she was shut up forever of the more inhuman mode by the coward feminicidal "machismo", in reality those coward assassins are not males, they are homovices who although have the strength of men, they are not men (only the homovices, TV propagation, hate to women, libro homovicio "La últ muj de Austrl", the last Australia´s woman, the homovices want make a world without women for "substitute to women", damned-homovices-dirty-repugnant-wretched-sterile-ill-vicious-mistaken). Politicians hypocrite politicians continuously doing damn´s concentrations to the coward feminicides perpetrated by the homovices, that "damn" DON´T IS USEFUL FOR NOTHING, as can see, the unique that is useful is the FEAR of Death Penalty, and all other are tales. The "civilized" politicians, guided by the religious Inquisition all credos "leaders" of the horror, they prefer that assassinating three thousand five hundred millions of women before call to Referendum and that being the People who decides applying to the feminicidal, a road-roller starting by the feet, only have that announce it and finished the cowards feminicides committed by the homovices. The horror against women will stop someday. Chiquitita las estrellas brillan por ti allá en lo alto.
...interstellar travel constant acceleration (without religious burning forests)... "those" religious demented are burning the forests "infidels" in the entire World, obviously using tech-artefacts drones, balloons; and the religious-miserable occult-power Rome-saint (terror against reason, how they did to Galileo Galilei, recent thread: "the III Worl War has already begun") protects to "those" other credos and silences to politicians and Global Media (TV never says that are the incendiary-religious) for that the innocent people that still says "oh my god", do not know it a fact already evident: IS TRUTH THAT RELIGION IS LIE
...viaje interestelar aceleración constante (coches eléctricos: farolas calle cargante)... Factorías de coches: ya es inadmisible diseñar como innovación nuevos sucios coches de combustión, hay que hacer y comprar Limpios Coches Eléctricos y Energía Solar... Fórmula-1 Solo de Coches Eléctricos ya y BATERÍAS DE GRAFENO que para 1000 km dan.
...interstellar travel constant acceleration (coronavirus: influenza vaccine?)... they say that influenza vaccine diminishes the effects and gravity of COVID-19... so, "while arrives its specific vaccine": EVERYBODYVACCINATIONINFLUENZA (WHO)... ((El Sistema Inmunológico reacciona a la vacuna gripe creando Anticuerpos que dañarán parcialmente el covid19 cuando llegue. Sin vacuna gripe, el coronavirus ataca a sus anchas y el sistem inmunológico puede reaccionar de forma desproporcionada produciendo Gran Inflamación que es lo que mata, por ello tratan con inmunosupresores para evitar en lo posible esa inflamación mortal. Con los Anticuerpos (the dogs) producidos en respuesta a la vacuna gripe el coronavirus (the tiger) atacado y algo debilitado no produce tanta reacción inflamatoria mortal... so, "while arrives its specific vaccine covid19": MASSIVE VACCINATION AGAINST FLU ALREADY (WHO)). Yo me la pongo.
...interstellar travel constant acceleration (without "God bless to the United States of America")... and to the rest of the World that crack to it a ray... Only USA cans do this: leave to be USA and take the lead of UNION WORLD without nations, without wars and without frontiers (cities only) with 1 only World Government, 1 only Idiom, 1 only Army, 1 only Anthem and 1 only Earth Flag, admitting in Equality in UW to all countries that also want leave to be it and go away together toward the Immortal Future without gods religion "blesses" nor tales, instead of continue wasting the time raising barriers and with the demented religious-patriots assail-Congresses who make a country in which the house of the president is called the "white" house... Come on to the Future, and goodbye UN... Hello UW...
...interstellar travel constant acceleration (over 30 UFOs)... 05-06-2021, 22:30 h, they come from SW and go away toward NE... apparent size as stars, in orbital trajectory over 30 UFOs white light dots equal than tenuous Sun reflected on satellites, but with the luminosity that is sighted the Deneb star, in an Indian row equidistance maintaining in a perfect straight line all them at equal velocity as satellites ~28,000 km/h, seen from Earth Surface they go slowly and separated among them at an angle A ~3º: orbital height Adjacent Side AB supposing 300 km, Opposite Side BC, Hypotenuse AC; cos A=AB/AC; 0.9986=300/AC; AC=300/0.9986; AC=300.42 km; AC²=AB²+BC²; BC²=AC²-AB²; BC=SQR (300.42²-300²); BC=15.88 km... Over 30 Spacecrafts on Earth orbit in an Indian row separated 15 km among them toward NE (the next night already they did not pass)... where did come they from and where did go they... What would be that?... Space Drones.
News: are not UFOs, is a publicist invention of that one millonaire of the car on orbit, have light for on/off, and Starlink for Internet.
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